![]() In the first phase, pixel engineers concentrated on making up for the sensitivity loss inevitably caused by the reduction of pixel size, developing many innovative technologies including on-chip-lens (or micro-lens), deep photodiode with thicker silicon, and backside illumination technology. Three phases have led the technical innovations for smaller pixel: (1) SENSITIVITY (2) CROSSTALK and (3) QUAD (or TETRA) PIXEL technology. 2, where we see how the technical hurdles for pixel size scaling were overcome. The evolution history of CIS pixel technology is depicted in Fig. There have been constant needs for higher resolution sensor over the past decade, and continuous efforts to develop smaller pixel. Image Download History of CIS Pixel Evolution Definition and Measurement procedure of Image SNR ![]() better image quality, under dark environment, since we need to control and improve many performance indices of pixel.įig. Therefore, technically, it is more difficult to get high image SNR, i.e. Under bright conditions, full well capacity and pixel crosstalk are the major factors in the image SNR, while under dark conditions, many factors, including sensitivity, pixel dark noise, readout-circuit noise and pixel crosstalk, contribute to image SNR. In order to get high image SNR, we need to increase signal term and reduce noise term, which are mostly determined by major pixel performance indices such as full well capacity, sensitivity, pixel dark noise, readout-circuit noise and pixel crosstalk. The quality of the images we take on these devices is determined by an electric mechanism in the sensors called “pixel,” a key component which converts light into electric signal.Īmong many indicators of the image quality, the most representative one is a definition and measurement procedure called “Image Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)” (Fig. Most of the mobile devices we use today, such as cell phones, tablet PCs and laptop computers, are equipped with at least one or more camera sensors. Below, we learn more about CMOS image sensor (CIS) technology development and SK hynix’s work with CIS in a contributed piece by Hoon Sang Oh, Fellow of SK hynix’s CIS Business. ![]() It is the result of many years, and decades, of research and development.Īnd as demand for higher quality images and smaller size devices continues, so does innovation, breakthrough and advancement. As common as it might seem to us today, this capability didn’t arrive overnight. With the incredible technology contained in handheld devices today, it’s easier than ever before to capture, record and store imagery of ourselves and the world around us. Mobile devices – and their rapidly improving camera capabilities – are a huge part of our everyday lives. ![]()
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